安全与环境工程

高校学生宿舍是人群密集的场所,存在较多的火灾安全隐患,因此对高校学生宿舍进行有针对性的火灾人员疏散安全性分析十分必要。以某高校学生宿舍楼为研究对象,运用Pyrosim软件建立火灾扩散模型,模拟分析了高校学生宿舍楼在自动喷淋灭火系统是否失效和着火房间窗户是否关闭等情况下发生火灾时,着火楼层安全出口处烟气能见度、顶棚温度和烟气层高度的变化规律,并结合Pathfinder软件模拟计算出人员疏散到安全地带的时间和整栋楼全部人员完全疏散所需安全疏散时间,综合利用人员疏散可用安全疏散时间和人员疏散所需安全疏散时间对人员疏散安全性进行分析。结果表明:高校学生宿舍楼消防设施是否有效和着火房间窗户是否关闭对人员疏散安全性的影响较大,并提出了消防安全管理措施,以为高校学生宿舍消防安全管理提供依据。

College student dormitories which are crowded have fire safety potential hazard.It is necessary to analyze the personnel evacuation safety for college student dormitories on fire.Taking a college student dormitory building as the research object,using the Pyrosim to build the fire diffusion model,this paper simulates the variation of smoke visibility,ceiling temperature and smoke layer height at the exit of the fire floor when the dormitory building is on fire in the case of whether automatic spray extinguishing system fails and whether the windows of the burning room are closed.Combined with the movement time of evacuation to safety zone simulated by Pathfinder,the paper calculates the safe evacuation time required by all the people in dormitory fire,and carries out safety analysis on the personnel evacuation by comprehensive comparison between the available safety evacuation time and the required safety evacuation time.The results show that whether the fire control facilities are effective and whether the windows of the burning room are closed have a great impact on the safety of personnel evacuation.The paper proposes improvement measures for fire safety management.The study may provide basis for the fire safety management of college student dormitories.