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受地质运动影响，岩体结构面产状在地应力作用下易发生突变而形成拐点。为探究结构面拐点对隧洞围岩失稳破坏机制的影响，开展了结构面拐点角尖正对隧洞、结构面拐点角尖背对隧洞和无结构面拐点的花岗岩隧洞试样双轴压缩试验，并对比了试样的数字图像相关（digital image correlation,DIC）主应变云图、声发射（acoustic emission,AE）特征参数和应力-应变曲线。结果表明：(1)结构面拐点与隧洞的相对位置显著影响试样的峰值强度、轴向应变率、破坏模式及AE计数率时间分布。相较于无结构面拐点试样，拐点角尖正对隧洞的试样呈现延性破坏特征，其峰值强度无明显变化，但轴向应变率显著增大，且内部破裂信号产生较早；而拐点角尖背对隧洞的试样则呈现脆性破坏特征，其峰值强度降低，轴向应变率减小，内部破裂信号集中于峰值强度达90%时至破坏阶段。(2)结构面拐点对试样应力分布具有显著影响。拐点角尖正对隧洞区域为应力集中区，背侧为应力分散区；当隧洞位于应力分散区时，靠近结构面一侧的边墙破坏程度降低，另一侧则显著增加；当隧洞位于应力集中区时，靠近结构面一侧的边墙易与结构面拐点形成贯通破坏，另一侧的破坏程度低于无结构面拐点试样。该研究结果可为结构面拐点控制的隧洞工程岩体稳定性分析及破坏模式预测提供参考。
Abstract：Affected by geological movements, the inclination of rock mass structural planes is prone to abrupt changes under in-situ stress, forming inflection points. To investigate the influence of structural plane inflection points on the instability and failure mechanism of tunnel surrounding rock, biaxial compression tests were conducted on granite tunnel specimens containing inflection points with the tip facing the tunnel, inflection points with the tip facing away from the tunnel, and specimens without structural plane inflection points. A comparison was made based on the digital image correlation(DIC) principal strain cloud maps, acoustic emission(AE) characteristic parameters, and stress-strain curves of the specimens. The results are as follows:(1) The relative position of the structural plane inflection point and the tunnel significantly affects the peak strength, axial strain rate, failure mode, and temporal distribution of AE count rates of the specimens. Compared to the specimens without structural plane inflection points, the specimens with the inflection point tip facing the tunnel exhibit ductile failure characteristics, with no significant change in peak strength but a notable increase in axial strain rate, and internal fracture signals generated earlier. In contrast, the specimens with the inflection point tip facing away from the tunnel exhibit brittle failure characteristics, with reduced peak strength and axial strain rate, and internal fracture signals concentrated between 90% of the peak strength and the failure stage.(2) The structural plane inflection point significantly influences the stress distribution of the specimens. The area where the inflection point tip faces the tunnel is a stress concentration zone, while the opposite side is a stress dispersion zone. When the tunnel is located in the stress dispersion zone, the damage degree of the sidewall closer to the structural plane is reduced, while that of the opposite side is significantly increased. When the tunnel is located in the stress concentration zone, the sidewall closer to the structural plane is prone to form interconnected failure with the inflection point, while the damage degree of the opposite side is lower than that of the specimens without structural plane inflection points. The findings of this study can provide a reference for analyzing the stability of tunnel engineering rock mass controlled by structural plane inflection points and predicting failure modes.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20250192
中图分类号:TV223.1
引用信息:
[1]陈燕和,明仁贵,陈东方,等.结构面拐点对花岗岩隧洞围岩失稳破坏机制影响的试验研究[J].安全与环境工程,2025,32(05):21-32.DOI:10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20250192.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52279117)