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微塑料在世界各地湖泊中均有分布。湖泊生态系统微塑料可以引发生态系统失稳、生物活动紊乱及人体健康受损等一系列问题。湖泊生态系统微塑料污染与人类活动紧密相关。人类活动产生的微塑料进入湖泊后，可通过饮用水摄入、生物链传递等途径重新回到人类社会中，对人体健康造成持续影响。利用CiteSpace软件对2013-2024年湖泊生态系统微塑料研究领域的文献进行了分析和归纳。结果发现：论文发表数量逐年上升，关注热点呈现阶段性变化趋势；以往研究主要集中在湖泊生态系统微塑料的形态与空间分布、迁移路径和生态风险等方面，预计未来研究热点为微生物群落对湖泊生态系统微塑料的迁移转化作用和微塑料环境样本的标准化采集；不同湖泊生态系统微塑料的空间分布差异可归因于人类活动、湖泊特征和地理条件，在同一湖泊中，微塑料特性、湖流和风、热分层现象、生物作用共同影响微塑料的垂直沉降，而湖流和风、降雨事件、季节变化、湖泊功能区划共同影响微塑料的水平扩散。
Abstract：Microplastics are widely distributed in lakes around the world. Microplastics in lake ecosystems can cause a range of problems, including disruption of ecosystem balance, biological activity disruption, and damage to human health. The pollution of microplastics in lake ecosystems is closely related to human activities. After entering lakes, microplastics generated by human activities can return to human society through channels such as drinking water consumption biological chain transmission, causing persistent impacts on human health. An analysis of literature in the field of lake microplastics from 2013 to 2024 using CiteSpace software reveals that the number of publications has been increasing year by year, with research hotspots showing a trend of stage-based changes. Previous studies have mainly focused on the morphology and spatial distribution of lake microplastics, migration pathways, and ecological risks. It is expected that future research will focus on the role of microbial communities in the migration and transformation of lake microplastics, as well as the standardized collection of environmental samples for microplastics. The differences in the spatial distribution of microplastics among different lake systems can be attributed to human activities, lake characteristics, and geographical conditions. Within the same lake, the properties of microplastics, lake currents, wind, thermal stratification phenomena, and biological actions jointly influence the vertical sedimentation of microplastics. Horizontal diffusion of microplastics is influenced by lake currents, wind, rainfall events, seasonal changes, and the functional zoning of the lake.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20241038
中图分类号:X524
引用信息:
[1]谷文,吴辰熙,熊雄,等.湖泊生态系统微塑料的分布与迁移特征[J].安全与环境工程,2025,32(01):1-8+20+315.DOI:10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20241038.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（42477426）
2025-01-26
2025-01-26