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严峻的灾害事故危及社会稳定、民生安全，影响国家经济发展与社会现代化进程。大力发展安全应急救援装备，提高应急装备的智能化、精细化水平，是推进灾害事故防控能力建设的重要内容。围绕“全灾种、大应急”，我国已建设形成覆盖各类用途的应急救援装备体系，能够满足一般应急救援需求，但面对大震巨灾、洪水灾害、森林草原火灾、城市高层建筑/大型综合体火灾等重大灾害事故，仍存在体系化程度不高、智能化水平低、恶劣环境适应性差等能力不足。首先，从发达国家应急救援装备发展和我国应急装备发展两个方面全面梳理了全球应急装备发展现状，重点分析了我国应急救援装备体系化能力不足的原因。其次，剖析概括了典型重大灾害事故应急救援能力需求，凝练了面向未来的智能化应急救援装备体系建设目标，明确了我国应急装备体系的未来发展方向。最后，提出了构建空天地一体智能化应急救援装备体系的建议及重点举措，以期为应急救援装备的体系化、智能化、实战化发展提供参考。
Abstract：The severe disasters and accidents pose a threat to social stability, people's livelihood safety, and the economic development and social modernization process of the country. Developing safety and emergency rescue equipment and improving the intelligence and precision level of emergency equipment is an important content of promoting disaster and accident prevention and control capacity. It comprehensively reviews the current situation of global emergency equipment development from the perspectives of developed countries' emergency rescue equipment development and China's emergency equipment development. It focuses on analyzing the reasons for the insufficient capabilities of the emergency rescue equipment system in China, including low intelligence level and poor adaptability to harsh environments. It summarizes the typical major disaster and accident emergency rescue capability requirements and crystallizes the target of the future intelligent emergency rescue equipment system construction. It clarifies the future development direction of China's emergency equipment system. Finally, it puts forward the suggestions and key measures for constructing an airspace-ground integrated intelligent emergency rescue equipment system and hopes to provide reference for the systematic, intelligent, and combat-oriented development of emergency rescue equipment.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20250391
中图分类号:X924.2
引用信息:
[1]李春明,陈旺,于雅静.空天地一体智能化应急救援装备体系的建设与思考[J].安全与环境工程,2025,32(06):1-7.DOI:10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20250391.
基金信息:
中国工程院咨询项目（2024-XZ-03）