安全与环境工程

地质灾害不仅给人类生命带来威胁 ,而且对环境、资源、财产等均具有破坏性。由于地质灾害的发生具有区域性、突发性、分布广、频率高等主要特点 ,地质灾害所造成的损失十分严重。我国是世界上地质灾害损失最严重的国家之一 ,现有 4 0 0多个县级城镇、1万多个村庄受到滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等灾害的威胁。虽然 ,我国在地质灾害领域的理论研究和防治水平有了很大提高 ,但灾害威胁依然存在 ,而且越来越严重 ,归纳起来可以概括为三个主要原因 :(1)预防性、区域性研究远远跟不上治理工程需要 ;(2 )治理工程偏重工程技术方面忽略地质灾害发生的地质机理研究 ;(3)人类因素的参与 ,造成自然地质体平衡状态的恶化、自然生态环境的破坏等加速了大区域范围内地质灾害的发生频率和规模。因此 ,作为我国地质灾害综合防治的一条有效道路 ,就是要加强开展地质灾害危险性和风险区划 ,开展预防性研究 ,圈定地质灾害危险性区域和灾害高风险区域 ,为国土规划、减灾防灾、灾害管理与决策提供可靠依据 ,从而达到综合防灾与减灾的目的

Due to the characteristics of wide spreading, difficulty for prediction and high occurrence, geohazards is a very destructive geological phenomenon not only to human beings but also to environment, resources and economy. China is one of the countries in the world which are strongly affected by geological hazards. According to the nation-wide geohazard survey, more than 400 towns and 10,000 villages are threatened by geological hazards such as landslide, rock fall, and debris flow. Though there is a lot of progress in theoretical researches and practical controls in past decades, the loss from the geohazards is becoming bigger and bigger. The main causes are as follows: (1)regional predictive studies are much slower than the studies on engineering control;(2)studies on geological mechanism are not seriously treated in many stabilization measures.(3)Human being is becoming the most severe factor which has caused the deterioration of environment and disturbed the geological balance, thus leading to the high frequency of geological hazard in large areas.Therefore,it is necessary to explore an effective way to comprehensively reduce the casualties and economic loss of geological hazards. For the purpose of defining the areas of high geological hazards and risks and taking into consideration the land planning,reduction of disasters,hazard management, and decision making,it is essential to develop hazard and risk zonations.