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高应力层状碎裂硬岩巷道因多尺度非均质与非连续结构特性，在开挖卸荷作用下易诱发渐进破裂与大变形灾害，威胁施工安全。为揭示此类巷道的渐进破裂与大变形机制，以中国某金属矿山为背景，开发并应用了三维黏结块体损伤本构模型（bonded block damage model, BBDM），该模型耦合了块体单元错断与结构面接触损伤机制，能更真实地模拟碎裂岩体的渐进破坏过程。基于该模型理论，融合现场结构面识别数据，建立了包含离散裂隙网络的层状碎裂硬岩巷道合成岩体模型（synthetic rockmass model, SRM），系统模拟了巷道围岩开挖损伤演化全过程。结果显示：巷道拱脚位置受层状结构面影响，形成薄层状弱化区，并在挤压应力作用下发生持续性挤出变形（位移量达40 mm）；巷道顶拱V形破坏区岩块出现拉伸损伤特征，并向临空面产生阶段性滑移（位移量达23 mm）；结构面损伤积累导致围岩完整性丧失，进而诱发了围岩渐进破裂与大变形破坏，模拟结果与现场破坏特征一致。研究通过所建立的BBDM-SRM数值模型，明确了高应力层状碎裂岩巷道大变形的结构面控制机制，可为同类工程支护设计优化提供理论依据。
Abstract：High-stress layered and fragmented hard rock roadways are prone to progressive fracturing and large deformation disasters under excavation unloading due to their multi-scale heterogeneous and discontinuous structural characteristics, posing threats to construction safety. To reveal the mechanisms behind such progressive failures, this study applied a three-dimensional bonded block damage model(BBDM) based on a metal mine case in China. The model couples block unit dislocation and structural plane contact damage mechanisms, enabling more realistic simulation of the progressive failure process. Based upon field structural plane identification data, a synthetic rockmass model(SRM) incorporating discrete fracture networks was established. The entire excavation-induced damage evolution process was systematically simulated. The results are as follows: Influenced by layered structural planes, thin weakened zones form at the roadway haunches, exhibiting continuous extrusion deformation(displacement reaching 40 mm) under compressive stress; rock blocks within the V-shaped failure zone at the roof arch display tensile damage characteristics and undergo progressive sliding toward the free surface(displacement reaching 23 mm). Simulations demonstrate that damage accumulation along structural planes leads to loss of rock integrity, triggering progressive fracturing and large deformation. By establishing the BBDM-SRM numerical approach, this research clarifies the structural plane control mechanism governing large deformations, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing support design in similar engineering projects.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20250230
中图分类号:TD322
引用信息:
[1]谢振坤,邱士利,李邵军,等.高应力层状碎裂硬岩巷道渐进破裂与大变形机制的模拟分析[J].安全与环境工程,2025,32(05):1-14+368.DOI:10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20250230.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42377172)