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微塑料作为垃圾渗滤液中的一类新型污染物，可随垃圾渗滤液进入地下水与土壤环境，进而危害生态系统与人类健康。将垃圾渗滤液分为垃圾填埋场老龄渗滤液和垃圾焚烧厂新鲜渗滤液2类，分别对其进行了密度分离提取以及化学组成和微观形貌表征，并采用SEM-EDS法分析了垃圾渗滤液中微塑料和重金属的复合污染特征。结果表明：老龄与新鲜渗滤液中微塑料粒径在50～<2 000μm范围内，其丰度分别为（56.63±30.13） items/L和（64.80±37.80） items/L，其中粒径在50～<1 000μm范围内的微塑料占比分别为86.7%和91.6%，表明新鲜渗滤液中微塑料的丰度更高，平均粒径更小；老龄渗滤液中纤维状微塑料含量最高（54.15%），其次分别为碎片状（21.13%）、絮团状（18.68%）、颗粒状（6.04%）微塑料；新鲜渗滤液中絮团状（37.25%）与纤维状（36.79%）微塑料含量接近，其次为碎片状（22.45%）、颗粒状（3.51%）微塑料；FTIR结果显示2种垃圾渗滤液中微塑料主要类别均为聚乙烯（PE）,SEM-EDS结果显示老龄渗滤液中微塑料吸附了Hg(44.87%)和Pb(33.50%)等重金属并产生了复合污染。研究结果可为垃圾渗滤液中微塑料类新污染物及复合污染的环境风险评价及污染治理提供参考依据。
Abstract：As a new type of pollutant in the garbage filtration fluid, microplastics can enter the groundwater and soil environment with the osmotic fluid to endanger ecosystems and human health. The study divides leachate into two categories(aged and fresh leachate), analyzes the chemical composition of the leachate,extracts microplastics from leachate by density separation, and uses SEM-EDS to analyze the extracted microplastics and the heavy metals on the microplastics. The results of the research are as follows: the abundance of microplastics in aged and fresh leachate in the range of 50～ <2 000 μm is(56. 63±30. 13) items/L and(64. 80±37. 80) items/L, respectively. The microplastics with particle size in the range of 50～ <1 000 μm account for 86. 7% and 91. 6%, respectively. The abundance of microplastics in fresh leachate is higher and the average particle size is smaller. The content of fiber microplastics in aged leachate is the highest(54. 15%), followed by fragmented(21. 13%), flocs(18. 68%), granular(6. 04%) microplastics; the content of flocs(37. 25%) in fresh leachate is close to that of fiber(36. 79%),followed by fragmented(22. 45%), granular(3. 51%) microplastics. FTIR results show that the main category of microplastics in the two garbage leachates is polyethylene(PE). SEM-EDS results show that the microplastics in the aged leachate adsorb heavy metals such as Hg(44. 87%) and Pb(33. 50%) and produce combined pollution. The research results can provide reference for environmental risk assessment and pollution control of new microplastic pollutants and combined pollution in garbage leachate.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20230918
中图分类号:X703
引用信息:
[1]李哲,马怡,蔡尚迎等.老龄与新鲜垃圾渗滤液中微塑料的污染特征[J].安全与环境工程,2025,32(01):33-40.DOI:10.13578/j.cnki.issn.1671-1556.20230918.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900）; 国家自然科学基金项目(41601524)